I've been trying to find a way to filter a line that has the word "lemon" and "rice" in it. I know how to find "lemon" or "rice" but not the two of them. They don't need to be next to the other, just one the same line of text.
17 Answers
"Both on the same line" means "'rice' followed by random characters followed by 'lemon' or the other way around".
In regex that is rice.*lemon or lemon.*rice. You can combine that using a |:
grep -E 'rice.*lemon|lemon.*rice' some_fileIf you want to use normal regex instead of extended ones (-E) you need a backslash before the |:
grep 'rice.*lemon\|lemon.*rice' some_fileFor more words that quickly gets a bit lengthy and it's usually easier to use multiple calls of grep, for example:
grep rice some_file | grep lemon | grep chickenYou can pipe the output of first grep command to another grep command and that would match both the patterns. So, you can do something like:
grep <first_pattern> <file_name> | grep <second_pattern>or,
cat <file_name> | grep <first_pattern> | grep <second_pattern>Example:
Let's add some contents to our file:
$ echo "This line contains lemon." > test_grep.txt
$ echo "This line contains rice." >> test_grep.txt
$ echo "This line contains both lemon and rice." >> test_grep.txt
$ echo "This line doesn't contain any of them." >> test_grep.txt
$ echo "This line also contains both rice and lemon." >> test_grep.txtWhat does the file contain:
$ cat test_grep.txt
This line contains lemon.
This line contains rice.
This line contains both lemon and rice.
This line doesn't contain any of them.
This line also contains both rice and lemon.Now, let's grep what we want:
$ grep rice test_grep.txt | grep lemon
This line contains both lemon and rice.
This line also contains both rice and lemon.We only get the lines where both the patterns match. You can extend this and pipe the output to another grep command for further "AND" matches.
0Though the question asks for 'grep', I thought it might be helpful to post a simple 'awk' solution:
awk '/lemon/ && /rice/'This can easily be extended with more words, or other boolean expressions besides 'and'.
0Another idea to finding the matches in any order is using:
grep with -P (Perl-Compatibility) option and positive lookahead regex (?=(regex)):
grep -P '(?=.*?lemon)(?=.*?rice)' infileor you can use below, instead:
grep -P '(?=.*?rice)(?=.*?lemon)' infile- The
.*?means matching any characters.that occurrences zero or more times*while they are optional followed by a pattern(riceorlemon). The?makes everything optional before it (means zero or one time of everything matched.*)
(?=pattern): Positive Lookahead: The positive lookahead construct is a pair of parentheses, with the opening parenthesis followed by a question mark and an equals sign.
So this will return all lines with contains both lemon and rice in random order. Also this will avoid of using |s and doubled greps.
External links:
Advanced Grep Topics
Positive Lookahead – GREP for Designers
grep -e foo -e gooWill return matches for either foo or goo
If we admit that providing an answer that is not grep based is acceptable, like the above answer based on awk, I would propose a simple perl line like:
$ perl -ne 'print if /lemon/ and /rice/' my_text_fileThe search can be ignoring case with some/all of the words like /lemon/i and /rice/i.
On most Unix/Linux machines perl is installed as well as awk anyway.
Here's a script to automate the grep piping solution:
#!/bin/bash
# Use filename if provided as environment variable, or "foo" as default
filename=${filename-foo}
grepand () {
# disable word splitting and globbing
IFS=
set -f
if [[ -n $1 ]]
then
grep -i "$1" ${filename} | filename="" grepand "${@:2}"
else
# If there are no arguments, assume last command in pipe and print everything
cat
fi
}
grepand "$@"
